條件子句 conditional sentence
假設語氣,一直是很惱人的句式,
[0]事實,規則,定律, 100%:100% ==> IF 現在式,現在式
If you have a cell phone, the bill arrives in the end of every month.
你有手機,帳單月底一定會來,
[1],有可能,80%,100%:===> if 現在式,未來式
If I get up early, I will see the sunrise (若我明天起的來,我會去看日出)
[2] 現在事實相反==> if 過去式, would +原型動詞
If I were you , I would leave immediately (如果我是你,我馬上就離開)
[3] 與過去事實相反,＝＝＞if had +PP, would have+pp
If I had played a piano in my childhood, I would have been a musician. (若我小時候學琴,現在是音樂家)
[4-1].混合型-I,過去的一個動作(had +PP),現在的一個可能 (would +原形V) ;過去沒有,現在也不是；近中文的若當初，若當時,現在也許有可能。
If her husband had had the physical exam regularly, he would be alive now.(若她先生當時有定期健檢,或許現在還活著.)
If I had studied hard , I would pass the exam now. 若我考前多用功一點,我搞不好就過關了.
If you had crashed the car, you might be in trouble.若你真撞車,你現在可就麻煩大了,
[4-2]混合型-II ==>if 過去式, would have +PP
If she wasn't afraid of spiders, she wouldn't have stayed outdoor for my husband about 3hours.(要不是我怕蜘蛛,我就不會在門外待3小時等我先生來)
If I was a good teacher, I would have work in school for over 20 years.
和現在事實相反的過去式,be V,一律用WERE,不論人稱。
所以,部份的要表示過去相反的動作was, was not,會持續影響另一個動作.
1) If 現在式, (必然的現在,或有可能的未來)
A) +現在式---------[0]
B) will +原形-------[1]
2) If 過去式,(過去相反的動作，持續影響另一個動作,現在不是或相反)
A) would +原形 [2]
B) would have +PP [4-2]-過去可能,持續影響到現在:IF was,wasn't ,whould have+PP
3) If had+pp, (過去相反或不是,現在不是或有可能)
A) would have +PP[3]
B) would+原形[4-1]:句尾可以偶爾見到now,表現在可能
恨不相逢未嫁時 :If she met him while she was single , they would have been married. [4-2]
莊子與惠子遊於濠梁之上。莊子曰：「鯈魚出遊從容，是魚之樂也。」惠子曰：「子非魚，安知魚之樂？」莊子曰：「子非我，安知我不知魚之樂？」惠子曰：「我非子，固不知子矣，子固非魚也，子之不知魚之樂，全矣。」莊子曰：「請循其本。子曰汝安知魚樂云者，既已知吾知之而問我，我知之濠上也。」
「子非魚，安知魚之樂？」 you are not a fish, how do you know that fish is happy?
if you were a fish, you would know how happy fish is.
「子非我，安知我不知魚之樂？」you are not me, how do you know that I don't know ?
If you were me, you would know how I know. 名詞子句當受詞
「我非子，固不知子矣，子固非魚也，子之不知魚之樂，全矣。」
I am not you ,so I don't know it, however you are neither a fish nor you know. That's all.
留言
張貼留言